This book mainly focuses on Chinese science and technology in modern and contemporary China, as well as Western technology, especially modern European science, which greatly influenced Chinese society in the Qing dynasty. It also discusses the collision and integration of the East and West leading to modern China, addressing topics such as modern Chinese physics, mathematics, publication of scientific works and modern scientific education. This book is the fifth volume in the series History of Science and Technology in China. 

History of Science and Technology in China is the first series with high academic values on general history of Chinese science and technology, with contributions by top-notch scholars in this field. This 5-volume work provides an encyclopedic historical panorama of Chinese scientific and technological development. It unfolds the history of Chinese science and technology through a clarified timeline from as early as the far ancient times to the very present. This work consists of five volumes:  Origins of Chinese Sciences, Ancient Chinese Studies of Heaven and Earth, High Tide of Chinese Sciences, Theoretical and Technological Development, and Western Influences.